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từ điển được lấy từ Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 (PCED) gồm Pāli-Việt, Pāli-Anh, Pāli-Burmese (Myanmar), Pāli-Trung, Pāli-Nhật
Kết quả tìm cho từ Kasiṇa
Pali Viet Dictionary - Bản dịch của ngài Bửu Chơn
KASIṆA:[a] trọn,toàn cả [nt] đề mục để tham thiền --parikamma [nt] đọc tên kasiṇa đề mục để tham thiền --maṇdala [f] vòng kasina để làm đề mục
PTS Pali-English dictionary - The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
Kasiṇa,2 [Deriv.uncertain] (nt.) one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna the practice by means of which mystic meditation (bhāvanā,jhāna) may be attained.They are fully described at A.V,46 sq.,60; usually enumerated as ten [sāvakā dasa k° --āyatanāni bhāventi]; paṭhavī°,āpo°,tejo°,vāyo°,nīla°,pīta°,lohita°,odāta°,ākāsa°,viññāṇa°-that is,earth,water,fire,air; blue,yellow,red,white; space,intellection (or perhaps consciousness) M.II,14; D.III,268,290; Nett 89,112; Dhs.202; Ps.I,6,95; cp.Manual 49--52; Bdhd 4,90 sq.,95 sq.-- For the last two (ākāsa° and viññāṇa°) we find in later sources āloka° and (paricchinn’) ākāsa° Vism.110; cp.Dhs.trsl.43 n.4,57 n.2; Cpd.54,202.-- Eight (the above omitting the last two) are given at Ps.I,49,143,149.-- See further J.I,313; III,519; DhsA.186 sq.There are 14 manners of practising the kasiṇas (of which the first nine are:k°-ânulomaṁ; k°-paṭilomaṁ; k°-ânupaṭilomaṁ; jhānânulomaṁ; jh°paṭi°; jh°-ânupaṭi°; jh°-ukkantikaṁ; k° ukk°; jh°k°-ukk°) Vism.374; cp.Bdhd 5,101 sq.,104,152.‹-› Nine qualities or properties of (paṭhavi-) kasiṇa are enumd at Vism.117.-- Each k.is fivefold,according to uddhaṁ,adho,tiriyaṁ,advayaṁ,appamāṇaṁ; M.II,15,etc.-- kasiṇaṁ oloketi to fix one’s gaze on the particular kasiṇa chosen J.V,314; °ṁ samannāharati to concentrate one’s mind on the k.J.III,519.
--āyatana the base or object of a kasiṇa exercise (see above as 10 such objects) D.III,268; M.II,14; Ps.I,28,etc.; --ārammaṇa=°āyatana Vism.427 (three,viz.tejo°,odāta°,āloka°).--kamma the k.practice J.I,141; IV,306; V,162,193.--jhāna the k.meditation DhsA.413.--dosa fault of the k.object Vism.117,123 (the 4 faults of paṭhavī-kasiṇa being confusion of the 4 colours).--parikamma the preliminary,preparatory rites to the exercise of a kasiṇa meditation,such as preparing the frame,repeating the necessary formulas,etc.J.I,8,245; III,13,526; DhsA.187; --°ṁ katheti to give instructions in these preparations J.III,369; °ṁ karoti to perform the k-preparations J.IV,117; V,132,427; VI,68; --maṇḍala a board or stone or piece of ground divided by depressions to be used as a mechanical aid to jhāna exercise.In each division of the maṇḍala a sample of a kasiṇa was put.Several of these stone maṇḍalas have been found in the ruins at Anurādhapura.Cp.Cpd.54 f.202 f.J.III,501; DhA.IV,208.--samāpatti attainment in respect of the k.exercise Nd2 4668 (ten such).(Page 201)
PTS Pali-English dictionary - The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
Concise Pali-English Dictionary by A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera
kasiṇa:[adj.] whole; entire.(nt.),an object for meditation.
Buddhist Dictionary by NYANATILOKA MAHATHERA
kasiṇa:(perhaps related to Sanskrit krtsna,'all,complete,whole'),is the name for a purely external device to produce and develop concentration of mind and attain the 4 absorptions (jhāna q.v.).It consists in concentrating one's full and undivided attention on one visible object as preparatory image (parikamma-nimitta),e.g.a colored spot or disc,or a piece of earth,or a pond at some distance,etc.,until at last one perceives,even with the eyes closed,a mental reflex,the acquired image (uggaha-nimitta).Now,while continuing to direct one's attention to this image,there may arise the spotless and immovable counter-image (paṭibhāga-nimitta),and together with it the neighbourhood-concentration (upacāra-samādhi) will have been reached.While still persevering in the concentration on the object,one finally will reach a state of mind where all sense-activity is suspended,where there is no more seeing and hearing,no more perception of bodily impression and feeling,i.e.the state of the 1st mental absorption (jhāna,q.v.).
The 10 kasiṇas mentioned in the Suttas are:earth-kasiṇa,water,fire,wind,blue,yellow,red,white,space,and consciousness."There are 10 kasiṇa-spheres:someone sees the earth kasiṇa,above,below,on all sides,undivided,unbounded ....someone see the water-kasiṇa,above,below,etc." (M.77; D.33) Cf.abhibhāyatan,bhāvanā; further s.Fund.IV.
For space and consciousness-kasiṇa we find in Vis.M.V the names limited space-kasiṇa (paricchinnākāsa-kasiṇa; ...s.App.) and light-kasiṇa (āloka-kasiṇa).
For full description see Vis.M.IV-V; also Aṭṭhasālinī Tr.I,248.