Kasiṇa
Kasiṇa,2 [Deriv.uncertain] (nt.) one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna the practice by means of which mystic meditation (bhāvanā,jhāna) may be attained.They are fully described at A.V,46 sq.,60; usually enumerated as ten [sāvakā dasa k° --āyatanāni bhāventi]; paṭhavī°,āpo°,tejo°,vāyo°,nīla°,pīta°,lohita°,odāta°,ākāsa°,viññāṇa°-that is,earth,water,fire,air; blue,yellow,red,white; space,intellection (or perhaps consciousness) M.II,14; D.III,268,290; Nett 89,112; Dhs.202; Ps.I,6,95; cp.Manual 49--52; Bdhd 4,90 sq.,95 sq.-- For the last two (ākāsa° and viññāṇa°) we find in later sources āloka° and (paricchinn’) ākāsa° Vism.110; cp.Dhs.trsl.43 n.4,57 n.2; Cpd.54,202.-- Eight (the above omitting the last two) are given at Ps.I,49,143,149.-- See further J.I,313; III,519; DhsA.186 sq.There are 14 manners of practising the kasiṇas (of which the first nine are:k°-ânulomaṁ; k°-paṭilomaṁ; k°-ânupaṭilomaṁ; jhānânulomaṁ; jh°paṭi°; jh°-ânupaṭi°; jh°-ukkantikaṁ; k° ukk°; jh°k°-ukk°) Vism.374; cp.Bdhd 5,101 sq.,104,152.‹-› Nine qualities or properties of (paṭhavi-) kasiṇa are enumd at Vism.117.-- Each k.is fivefold,according to uddhaṁ,adho,tiriyaṁ,advayaṁ,appamāṇaṁ; M.II,15,etc.-- kasiṇaṁ oloketi to fix one’s gaze on the particular kasiṇa chosen J.V,314; °ṁ samannāharati to concentrate one’s mind on the k.J.III,519.
--āyatana the base or object of a kasiṇa exercise (see above as 10 such objects) D.III,268; M.II,14; Ps.I,28,etc.; --ārammaṇa=°āyatana Vism.427 (three,viz.tejo°,odāta°,āloka°).--kamma the k.practice J.I,141; IV,306; V,162,193.--jhāna the k.meditation DhsA.413.--dosa fault of the k.object Vism.117,123 (the 4 faults of paṭhavī-kasiṇa being confusion of the 4 colours).--parikamma the preliminary,preparatory rites to the exercise of a kasiṇa meditation,such as preparing the frame,repeating the necessary formulas,etc.J.I,8,245; III,13,526; DhsA.187; --°ṁ katheti to give instructions in these preparations J.III,369; °ṁ karoti to perform the k-preparations J.IV,117; V,132,427; VI,68; --maṇḍala a board or stone or piece of ground divided by depressions to be used as a mechanical aid to jhāna exercise.In each division of the maṇḍala a sample of a kasiṇa was put.Several of these stone maṇḍalas have been found in the ruins at Anurādhapura.Cp.Cpd.54 f.202 f.J.III,501; DhA.IV,208.--samāpatti attainment in respect of the k.exercise Nd2 4668 (ten such).(Page 201)