Kusala
					
					Kusala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kuśala] 1.(adj.) clever,skilful,expert; good,right,meritorious M.I,226; Dh.44; J.I,222.Esp.appl.in moral sense (=puñña),whereas akusala is practically equivalent to pāpa.ekam pi ce pāṇaṁ aduṭṭhacitto mettāyati kusalo tena hoti It.21; sappañño paṇḍito kusalo naro Sn.591,cp.523; Pv.I,33 (=nipuṇa).With kamma=a meritorious action,in kammaṁ katvā kusalaṁ D.III,157; Vv III,27; Pv.I,1011 see cpds.-- ācāra-k° good in conduct Dh.376; parappavāda° skilled in disputation Dpvs.IV,19; magga° (and opp.amagga°) one who is an expert as regards the Path (lit.& fig.) S.III,108; samāpatti°,etc.A.V,156 sq.; sālittaka-payoge k° skilled in the art of throwing pot‹-› sherds PvA.282.-- In derivation k.is expld by Dhpāla & Bdhgh by kucchita and salana,viz.kucchita-salanādi atthena kusalaṁ VvA.169; kucchite pāpadhamme salayanti calayanti kappenti viddhaṁsenti ti kusalā DhsA.39; where four alternative derivations are given (cp.Mrs.Rh.D.,Dhs.trsl.p.lxxxii).-- 2.(nt.) a good thing,good deeds,virtue,merit,good consciousness (citta omitted; cp.DhsA.162,200,etc.):yassa pāpaṁ kataṁ kammaṁ kusalena pithīyati,so imaṁ lokaṁ pabhāseti “he makes this world shine,who covers an evil deed with a good one” M.II,104=Dh.173=Th.1,872; sukhañ ca k.pucchi (fitness) Sn.981; Vv 301 (=ārogyaṁ); D.I,24; J.VI,367; Pv.I,13 (=puñña); PvA.75; Miln.25.-- In special sense as ten kusalāni equivalent to the dasasīlaṁ (cp.sīla) M.I,47; A.V,241,274.All good qualities (dhammā) which constitute right and meritorious conduct are comprised in the phrase --kusala-dhammā Sn.1039,1078,expld.in extenso Nd2 s.v.See also cpd.°dhamma.-- Kusalaṁ karoti to do what is good and righteous,i.e.kāyena,vācāya,manasā It.78; cp.Dh.53; sabba-pāpassa akaraṇaṁ kusalassa upasampadā sacittapariyodapanaṁ etaṁ Buddhānusāsanaṁ D.II,49=Dh.183; cp.Nett 43,81,171,186.Kusalaṁ bhāveti to pursue righteousness (together with akusalaṁ pajahati to give up wrong habits) A.I,58; IV,109 sq.; It.9.-- akusala adj.:improper,wrong,bad; nt.:demerit,evil deed D.I,37,163; bālo+akusalo Sn.879,887;=pāpa PvA.60,cp.pāpapasuto akatakusalo ib.6.kusalaṁ & akusalaṁ are discussed in detail (with ref.to rūpâvacara° fivefold,to arūpâvacara° & lokuttara° fourfold,to kāmâvacara° eight & twelvefold) at Vism.452--454.-- kusalâkusala good and bad M.I,489; S.V,91; Miln.25; Nett 161,192; Dhs.1124 sq.-- sukusala (dhammānaṁ) highly skilled D.I,180 (cp.M.II.31).
  --anuesin striving after righteousness Sn.965; cp.kiṅkusalānuesin D.II,151 and kiṅkusalagavesin M.I,163 sq.; --abhisanda overflow of merit (+puñña°) A.II,54 sq.; III,51; 337; --kamma meritorious action,right conduct A.I,104; 292 sq.; Ps.I,85; II,72 sq.; PvA.9,26; --cittā (pl.) good thoughts Vbh.169--173,184,285 sq.,294 sq.; --cetanā right volition Vbh.135; --dhammā (pl.) (all) points of righteousness,good qualities of character S.II,206; M.I,98; A.IV,11 sq.; V,90 sq.; 123 sq.; Pug.68,71; Vbh.105; Ps.I,101,132; II,15,230; VvA.74,127; --pakkha “the side of virtue,” all that belongs to good character M.III,77 (and a°) with adj.°pakkhika S.V,91; --macchariya Dhs.1122 is to be corrected to kula° instead of kusala° (meanness as regards family) cp.Nd2 on veviccha; --mūla the basis or root of goodness or merit; there are three:alobha,adosa,amoha M.I,47,489=A.I,203=Nett 183; D.III,214; Dhs.32,313,981; Vbh.169 sq.,210; Nett 126.Cp.°paccaya Vbh.169; °ropanā Nett 50; --vitakka good reasoning,of which there are three:nekkhamma°,avyāpāda°,avihiṁsā° D.III,215; It.82; Nett 126; --vipāka being a fruit of good kamma Dhs.454; Vism.454 (twofold,viz.ahetuka & sahetuka).--vedanā good,pure feeling Vbh.3 sq.; cp.°saññā and °saṅkhārā Vbh.6 sq.; Nett 126 (three °saññā,same as under °vitakkā); --sīla good,proper conduct of life M.II,25 sq.; adj.°sīlin D.I,115 (=DA.I,286).(Page 223)