Ni°
Ni°,[Sk.ni- & nih-,insep.prefixes:(a) ni down=Av.ni,cp.Gr.neiόs lowland,nei/atos the lowest,hindmost; Lat.nīdus (*ni-zdos:place to sit down=nest); Ags.nēol,nider=E.nether; Goth.nidar=Ohg.nidar; also Sk.nīca,nīpa etc.-- (b) niḥ out,prob.fr.*seni & to Lat.sine without].Nearly all (ultimately prob.all) words under this heading are cpds.with the pref.ni.‹-› A.Forms.1.Pāli ni° combines the two prefixes ni & nis (nir).They are outwardly to be distinguished inasmuch as ni is usually followed by a single consonant (except in forms where double cons.is usually restored in composition,like ni-kkhipati=ni+ kṣip; nissita= ni+sri.Sometimes the double cons.is merely graphic or due to analogy,esp.in words where ni- is contrasted with ud- (“up”),as nikkujja›ukkujja,niggilati› uggilati,ninnamati›unnamati).On the other hand a compn with nis is subject to the rules of assimilation,viz.either doubling of cons.(nibbhoga=nir-bhoga) where vv is represented by bb (nibbiṇṇa fr.nir-vindati),or lengthening of ni to nī (nīyādeti as well as niyy°; nīharati=nir+har),or single cons.in the special cases of r & v (niroga besides nīroga for nirroga,cp.duratta ›dūrakkha; niveṭheti=nibbeṭheti,nivāreti=*nivvāreti=nīvāreti).Before a vowel the sandhi-cons.r is restored:nir-aya,nir-upadhi etc.-- 2.Both ni & nis are base-prefixes only,& of stable,well-defined character,i.e.never enter combns with other prefixes as first (modifying) components in verb-function (like saṁ,vi etc.),although nis occurs in such combn in noun-cpds.negating the whole term:nir-upadhi,nis-saṁsaya etc.‹-› 3.ni is freq.emphasised by saṁ as saṁni° (tud,dhā,pat,sad); nis most freq.by abhi as abhinis° (nam,pad,vatt,har).
B.Meanings.1.ni (with secondary derivations like nīca “low”) is a verb-pref.only,i.e.it characterises action with respect to its direction,which is that of (a) a downward motion (opp.abhi & ud); (b) often implying the aim (=down into,on to,cp.Lat.sub in subire,or pref.ad°); or (c) the reverting of an upward motion=back (identical with b); e.g.(a) ni-dhā (put down),°kkhip (throw d.),°guh (hide d.),°ci (heap up),°pad (fall d.),°sad (sit d.); (b) ni-ratta (at-tached to),°mant (speak to); °yuj (ap-point),°ved (ad-dress),°sev (be devoted to) etc.; (c) ni-vatt (turn back).-- 2.nis (a) as verb-pref.it denotes the directional “out” with further development to “away from,opposite,without,” pointing out the finishing,completion or vanishing of an action & through the latter idea often assuming the meaning of the reverse,disappearance or contrary of an action=“un” (Lat.dis-),e.g.nikkhamati (to go out from) opp.pavisati (to enter into),°ccharati (nis to car to go forth),°ddhamati (throw out),°pajjati (result from),°bbattati (vatt spring out from),nīharati (take out),nirodhati (break up,destroy).-- (b) as nounpref.it denotes “being without” or “not having”= E.--less,e.g.niccola without clothes,°ttaṇha (without thirst),°ppurisa (without a man),°pphala (without fruit); niccala motion-less,°kkaruṇa (heartless),°ddosa (fault°),°maṁsa (flesh°),°saṁsaya (doubt°) nirattha (useless),°bbhaya (fear°).-- Bdhgh evidently takes ni- in meaning of nis only,when defining:ni-saddo abhāvaṁ dīpeti Vism.495.(Page 351)