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từ điển được lấy từ Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 (PCED) gồm Pāli-Việt, Pāli-Anh, Pāli-Burmese (Myanmar), Pāli-Trung, Pāli-Nhật
Kết quả tìm cho từ Pañca
Pali Viet Dictionary - Bản dịch của ngài Bửu Chơn
PAÑCA:[3] số 5 --kalyānna [nt] năm điểm tốt đẹp (tóc,thịt đầy đủ,răng,màu da,tuổi thọ) --kamanuṇa [m] vui thích theo ngũ trần --kkhandha [m] ngũ uẩn --gorasa [m] năm thứ sữa của bò là sữa tươi,sữa chua,sữa dầu,sữa bơ,sữa đặc --ṅga,--ṅgika [a] ngũ thể (gồm có 5 thể là đầu,hai tay,hai đầu gối) --ṅgulika năm chỉ tay (của năm ngón) --cakkhu,--natta [a] có năm cách thấy --cattāḷisati [f] 45 --cūḷaka [m] có năm chòm tóc (bới lại) --tiṃsati [f] 35 --dasa 3 số mười lăm --navuti [f] 95 --nivara,--ṇa năm pháp cái hay pháp che lấp (là ái tình,sân hận,hôn trầm,phóng tâm,hoài nghi)--paññāsati [f] 55 --patiṭṭhita [nt] ngũ thể bình địa (khi lạy) (chỗ này giải là đầu,mình tay,đầu gối,bàn chân) --bandhana [nt] sự liên hệ đến năm lần --bala [nt] ngũ lực --mahāpariccāga [m] năm điều đại thí (là của cải,vợ con,thủ túc và sinh mạng),có chỗ nói là ngôi báu --mahāvilokana [nt] năm điều bồ tát xem coi có đủ không trước khi đi đầu thai vào lòng Phật mẫu trong kiếp chót là thời kỳ,châu,xứ (chỗ),dòng giống và mẹ --vaggiya [a] nhóm năm thầy Kiều Trần Như --vanna [a] năm màu là xanh,vàng,trắng đỏ và màu gạch hay màu cam --vīsati [f] hai mươi lăm --saṭṭhi [f] sáu mươi lăm --sata [nt] năm trăm --sattati [f] bảy mươi lăm --sahassa [nt] năm ngàn --sīla [nt] ngũ giới cấm --hattha [a] đo năm hắc tay
PTS Pali-English dictionary - The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
Pañca,(adj.-num.) [Ved.pañca,Idg.*penqǔe; cp.Gr.pέnte,Lat.quīnque,Goth.fimf,Lith.penki,Oir.coic] number 5.-- Cases:Gen.Dat.pañcannaṁ,Instr.Abl.pañcahi,Loc.pañcasu; often used in compositional form pañca° (cp.Ved.pañcāra with 5 spokes I.16413; Gr.pempw/bolos,Lat.quinqu-ennis etc.).-- 1.Characteristics of No.5 in its use,with ref,to lit.& fig.application.“Five” is the number of “comprehensive and yet simple” unity or a set; it is applied in all cases of a natural and handy comprehension of several items into a group,after the 5 fingers of the hand,which latter lies at the bottom of all primitive expressions of No.5 (see also below pañc’ aṅgulika.The word for 5 itself in its original form is identical with the word for hand *pr∂q,cp.Lat.com°,decem,centum etc.) -
A.No.5,appld (a) with ref.to time:catupañcāhaṁ 4 or 5 days J.II,114 (cp.quinque diebus Horace Sat I.316); maraṇaṁ tuyhaṁ oraṁ māsehi pañcahi after 5 months Vv 6310,p.māse vasitvā DA.I,319 (cp.qu.menses Hor.Sat.II.3289).-- (b) of space:°yojanaṭṭhāna J.III,504; °yojan-ubbedho gajavaro VvA.33; °bhūmako pāsādo J.I,58 (cp.the house of Death as 5 stories high in Grimm,Mārchen No.42 ed.Reclam).-- (c) of a group,set,company,etc.(cp.5 peoples RV III,379; VI,114; VIII,92 etc.; gods X.553; priests II.3414; III,77; leaders of the Greek ships Hom.Iliad 16,171; ambassadors Genesis 472; quinque viri Hor.Sat.II.555; Epist.II.124):p.janā J.V,230; p.amaccā J.V,231; p.hatthino DhA.I,164; pañca nāriyo agamiṁsu Vv 322; p.puttāni khādāmi Pv.I,63.-- Note.No.5 in this appln is not so frequent in Pāli as in older literature (Vedas e.g.); instead of the simple 5 we find more freq.the higher decimals 50 and 500.See also below §§ 3,4.
B.No. 15 in two forms:pañcadasa (f.°ī the 15th day of the month Vv 156=A.I,144; Sn.402) VvA.67 (°kahāpaṇa-sahassāni dāpesi),and paṇṇarasa (also as f.ī of the 15th or full-moon day Pv III,31; DhA.I,198; III,92; IV,202; VvA.314; SnA 78) Sn.153 (pannaraso uposatho); Vv 642 (paṇṇarase va cando; expld as paṇṇarasiyaṁ VvA.276); DhA.I,388 (of age,15 or 16 years); DA.I,17 (°bhedo Khuddaka-nikāyo); SnA 357 (pannarasahi bhikkhu-satehi=1500,instead of the usual 500); PvA.154 (°yojana).The appln is much the same as 5 and 50 (see below),although more rare,e.g.as measure of space:°yojana DhA.I,17 (next in sequence to paṇṇāsa-yojana); J.I,315; PvA.154 (cp.15 furlongs from Jerusalem to Bethany John 11,18; 15 cubits above the mountains rose the flood Gen.7.20).
C.No.25 in two forms:pañcavīsati (the usual) e.g.DhsA.185 sq.; Miln.289 (citta-dubbalī-karaṇā dhammā); paṇṇa-vīsati,e.g.J.IV,352 (nāriyo); Th.2,67,and paṇṇuvīsaṁ (only at J.III,138).Similarly to 15 and 25 the number 45 (pañca-cattāḷīsa) is favoured in giving distances with °yojana,e.g.at J.I,147,348; DhA.I,367.-Application:of 25:(1) time:years J.III,138; DhA.I,4; (2) space:miles high and wide DhA.II,64 (ahipeto); VvA.236 (yojanāni pharitvā pabhā).
2.Remarks on the use of 50 and 500 (5000).Both 50 and 500 are found in stereotyped and always recurring combinations (not in Buddhist literature alone,but all over the Ancient World),and applied to any situation indiscriminately.They have thus lost their original numerical significance and their value equals an expression like our “thousands,” cp.the use of Lat.mille and 600,also similarly many other high numerals in Pāli literature,as mentioned under respective units (4,6,8 e.g.in 14,16,18,etc.).Psychologically 500 is to be expld as “a great hand,” i.e.the 5 fingers magnified to the 2nd decade,and is equivalent to an expression like “a lot” (originally “only one,” cp.casting the lot,then the one as a mass or collection),or like heaps,tons,a great many,etc.-- Thus 50 (and 500) as the numbers of “comm-union” are especially freq.in recording a company of men,a host of servants,animals in a herd,etc.,wherever the single constituents form a larger (mostly impressive,important) whole,as an army,the king’s retinue,etc.-- A.No. 50 (paññāsa; the by-form paṇṇāsa only at DhA.III,207),in foll.applns:(a) of time:does not occur,but see below under 55.-- (b) of space (cp.50 cubits the breadth of Noah’s ark Gen.6.15; the height of the gallows (Esther 5.14; 7.9) J.I,359 (yojanāni); DhA.III,207 (°hattho ubbedhena rukkho); Vism.417 (paripuṇṇa °yojana suriyamaṇḍala); DhA.I,17 (°yojana).-- (c) of a company or group (cp.50 horses RV II.185; V,185; wives VIII,1936; men at the oars Hom.Il.2.719; 16.170,servants Hom.Od.7,103,22,421) J.III,220 (corā); V,161 (pallaṅkā),421 (dijakaññāyo); Sn.p.87; SnA 57 (bhikkhū).-- Note.55 (pañcapaññāsa) is used instead of 50 in time expressions (years),e.g.at DhA.I,125; II,57; PvA.99,142; also in groups:DhA.I,99 (janā).-- B.No. 500 (pañcasata°,pañcasatā,pañcasatāni).-- (a) of time:years (as Peta or Petī) Vv 8434; Pv.II,15; PvA.152 (with additional 50).(b) of space:miles high Pv IV.328; J.I,204 (°yojana-satikā); Vism.72 (°dhanu-satika,500 bows in distance).-- (C) of groups of men,servants,or a herd,etc.(cp.500 horses RV X.9314; witnesses of the rising of Christ 1 Cor.15--6; men armed Vergil Aen.10.204; men as representatives Hom.Od.3.7; 500 knights or warriors very frequently in Nibelungenlied,where it is only meant to denote a “goodly company,500 or more”) Arahants KhA 98; Bhikkhus very frequent,e.g.D.I,1; Vin.II,199; J.I,116,227; DhA.II,109,153; III,262,295; IV,184,186; Sāvakas J.I,95; Upāsakas J.II,95; PvA.151; Paccekabuddhas DhA.IV,201; PvA.76; Vighāsâdā J.II,95; DhA.II,154; Sons PvA.75; Thieves DhA.II,204; PvA.54; Relatives PvA.179; Women-servants (parivārikā itthiyo) Pv.II,126; VvA.69,78,187; PvA.152; Oxen A.IV,41; Monkeys J.III,355; Horses Vin.III,6.-- Money etc.as present,reward or fine representing a “round-sum” (cp.Nibelungen 314:horses with gold,317:mark; dollars as reward Grimm No.7; drachms as pay Hor.Sat.II.743) kahāpaṇas Sn.980,982; PvA.273; blows with stick as fine Vin.I,247.-- Various:a caravan usually consists of 500 loaded wagons,e.g.J.I,101; DhA.II,79; PvA.100,112; chariots VvA.78; ploughs Sn.p.13.Cp.S.I,148 (vyagghī-nisā); Vin.II,285 (ūna-pañcasatāni); J.II,93 (accharā); V,75 (vāṇijā); DhA.I,89 (suvaṇṇasivikā),352 (rāja-satāni); IV,182 (jāti°) KhA 176 (paritta-dīpā).Also BSk.pañ’opasthāyikā-śatāni Divy 529; pañca-mātrāṇi strī-śatāni Divy 533.-- Note.When Gotama said that his “religion” would last 500 years he meant that it would last a very long time,practically for ever.The later change of 500 to 5,000 is immaterial to the meaning of the expression,it only indicates a later period (cp.5,000 in Nibelungeniled for 500,also 5,000 men in ambush Joshua 8.12; converted by Peter Acts 4.4; fed by Christ with 5 loaves Matthew 14.21).Still more impressive than 500 is the expression 5 Koṭis (5 times 100,000 or 10 million),which belongs to a comparatively later period,e.g.at DhA.I,62 (ariya-sāvaka-koṭiyo),256 (°mattā-ariyasāvakā); IV,190 (p.koti-mattā ariya-sāvakā).
3.Typical sets of 5 in the Pali Canon.°aggaṁ first fruits of 5 (kinds),viz.khett°,rās°,koṭṭh°,kumbhi°,bhojan° i.e.of the standing crop,the threshing floor,the granary,the pottery,the larder SnA 270.°aṅgā 5 gentlemanly qualities (of king or brahmin):sujāta,ajjhāyaka,abhirūpa,sīlavā,paṇḍita (see aṅga; on another combn with aṅga see below).The phrase pañc’ aṅgasamannāgata & °vippahīna (S.I,99; A.V,16) refers to the 5 nīvaraṇāni:see expld at Vism.146.°aṅgikaturiya 5 kinds of music:ātata,vitata,ātata-vitata,ghana,susira.°abhiññā 5 psychic powers (see Cpd.209).°ānantarika-kammāni 5 acts that have immediate retribution (Miln.25),either 5 of the 6 abhiṭhānas (q.v.) or (usually) murder,theft,impurity,lying,intemperance (the 5 sīlas) cp.Dhs.trsl.267.°indriyāni 5 faculties,viz.saddhā,viriya,sati,samādhi,paññā (see indriya B.15--19).°vidhaṁ (rāja-) kakudhabhaṇḍaṁ,insignia regis viz.vāḷavījanī,uṇhīsa,khagga,chatta,pādukā.°kalyāṇāni,beauty-marks:kesa°,maṁsa°,aṭṭhi°,chavi°,vaya°.°kāmaguṇā pleasures of the 5 senses (=taggocarāni pañc’āyatanāni gahitāni honti SnA 211).°gorasā 5 products of the cow:khīra,dadhi,takka,navanīta,sappi.°cakkhūni,sorts of vision (of a Buddha):maṁsa° dibba° paññā° buddha° samanta°.°taṇhā cravings,specified in 4 sets of 5 each:see Nd2 271v.°nikāyā 5 collections (of Suttantas) in the Buddh.Canon,viz.Dīgha° Majjhima° Saṁyutta°,Aṅguttara° Khuddaka°,e.g.Vin.II,287.°nīvaraṇāni or obstacles:kāmacchanda,abhijjhā-vyāpāda,thīnamiddha,uddhacca-kukkucca,vicikicchā.°patiṭṭhitaṁ 5 fold prostration or veneration,viz.with forehead,waist,elbows,knees,feet (Childers) in phrase °ena vandati (sometimes °ṁ vandati,e.g.SnA 78,267) J.V,502; SnA 267,271,293,328,436; VvA.6; DhA.I,197; IV,178,etc.°bandhana either 5 ways of binding or pinioning or 5 fold bondage J.IV,3 (as “ure pañcaṅgika-bandhanaṁ” cp.kaṇṭhe pañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā S.IV,201); Nda 304III,B2 (rājā bandhāpeti andhu-bandhanena vā rajju°,saṅkhalika°,latā°,parikkhepa°),with which cp.Śikṣāsamucc.165:rājñā pañcapāśakena bandhanena baddhaḥ.-- There is a diff.kind of bandhana which has nothing to do with binding,but which is the 5 fold ordeal (obligation:pañcavidhabandhana-kāraṇaṁ) in Niraya,and consists of the piercing of a red hot iron stake through both hands,both feet and the chest; it is a sort of crucifixion.We may conjecture that this “bandhana” is a corruption of “vaddhana” (of vyadh,or viddhana?),and that the expression originally was pañcaviddhana-kāraṇa (instead of pañca-vidha-bandhana-k°).See passages under bandhana & cp.M.III,182; A.I,141; Kvu 597; SnA 479.°balāni 5 forces:saddhā° viriya° sati° samādhi° paññā° D.II,120; M.II,12; S.III,96; A.III,12 (see also bala).°bhojanāni 5 kinds of food:odāna,kummāsa,sattu,maccha,maṁsa Vin.IV,176.°macchariyāni 5 kinds of selfishness:āvāsa° kula° lābha° vaṇṇa° dhamma°.°rajāni defilements:rūpa°,sadda° etc.(of the 5 senses) Nd1 505; SnA 574.°vaṇṇā 5 colours (see ref.for colours under pīta and others),viz.nīla,pītaka,lohitaka,kaṇha,odāta (of B’s eye) Nd2 235Q; others with ref.to paduma-puṇḍarīka VvA.41; to paduma DhA.III,443; to kusumāni DA.I,140; DhA.IV,203.°vaṇṇa in another meaning (fivefold) in connection with pīti (q.v.).°saṁyojanāni fetters (q.v.).°saṅgā impurities,viz.rāga,dosa,moha,māna,diṭṭhi (cp.taṇhā) DhA.IV,109.°sīla the 5 moral precepts,as sub-division of the 10 (see dasasīla and Nd2 under sīla on p.277).
4.Other (not detailed) passages with 5:Sn.660 (abbudāni),677 (nahutāni koṭiyo pañca); Th.2,503 (°kaṭuka=pañcakāmaguṇa-rasa ThA.291); DhA.II,25 (°mahānidhi); SnA 39 (°pakāra-gomaṇḍala-puṇṇabhāva).Cp.further:guṇā Miln.249; paṇṇāni Vin.I,201 (nimba°,kuṭaja°,paṭola°,sulasi°,kappāsika°); Paṇḍu-rāja-puttā J.V,426; pabbagaṇṭhiyo Miln.103; pucchā DhsA.55; mahā-pariccāgā DhA.III,441; mahā-vilokanāni DhA.I,84; vatthūni Vin.II,196 sq.; vāhanāni (of King Pajjota) DhA.I,196; suddhāvāsā Dhs.A 14.In general see Vin.V,128--133 (var.sets of 5).
--aṅga five (bad) qualities (see aṅga 3 and above 3),in phrase vippahīna free from the 5 sins D.III,269; Nd2 284 C; cp.BSk.pañcāṅga-viprahīna.Ep.of the Buddha Divy 95,264 & °samannāgata endowed with the 5 good qualities A.V,15 (of senāsana,expld at Vism.122):see also above.--aṅgika consisting of 5 parts,fivefold,in foll.combns:°jhāna (viz.vitakka,vicāra,pīti,sukha,cittass’ekaggatā) Dhs.83; °turiya orchestra S.I,131; Th.1,398; 2,139; Vv 364; DhA.I,274,394; °bandhana bond J.IV,3.--aṅgula=°aṅgulika J.IV,153 (gandha°); SnA 39 (usabhaṁ nahāpetvā bhojetvā °ṁ datvā mālaṁ bandhitvā).--aṅgulika (also °aka) the 5 finger-mark,palm-mark,the magic mark of the spread hand with the fingers extended (made after the hand & 5 fingers have been immersed in some liquid,preferably a solution of sandal wood,gandha; but also blood).See Vogel,the 5 finger-token in Pāli Literature,Amsterdam Akademie 1919 (with plates showing ornaments on Bharhut Tope),cp.also J.P.T,S.1884,84 sq.It is supposed to provide magical protection (esp.against the Evil Eye).Vin.II,123 (cp.Vin.Texts II.116); J.I,166,192; II,104 (gandha °ṁ deti),256 (gandhaā,appld to a cetiya); III,23,160 (lohita°); Vv 3318 (gandha°ṁ adāsiṁ Kassapassa thūpasmiṁ); Mhvs 32,4 (see trsl.p.220); DhA.III,374 (goṇānaṁ gandha-°āni datvā); SnA 137 (setamālāhi sabba-gandha-sugandhehi p°akehi ca alaṅkatā paripuṇṇa-aṅgapaccaṅgā,of oxen).Cp.MVastu I.269 (stūpeṣu pañcaṅgulāni; see note on p.579).Quotations of similar use in brahmanical literature see at Vogel p.6 sq.--āvudha (āyudha) set of 5 weapons (sword,spear,bow,battle-axe,shield,after Childers) Miln.339 (see Miln.trsl.II.227),cp.p° sannaddha J.III,436,467; IV,283,437; V,431; VI,75; sannaddha-p° J.IV,160 (of sailors).They seem to be different ones at diff.passages.--âhaṁ 5 days Vin.IV,281; J.II,114.--cūḷaka with 5 topknots J.V,250 (of a boy).--nakha with 5 claws,N.of a five-toed animal J.V,489 (so read for pañca na khā,misunderstood by C.).--paṭṭhika at Vin.II,117,121,152; is not clear (v.l.paṭika).Vin.Texts III,97 trsl.“cupboards” and connect it with Sk.paṭṭikā,as celapattikaṁ Vin.II,128 undoubtedly is (“strip of cloth laid down for ceremonial purposes,” trsl.III,128).It also occurs at Vin.IV,47.--patikā (f.) having had 5 husbands J.V,424,427.--mālin of a wild animal J.VI,497 (=pancaṅgika-turiya-saddo viya C.,not clear).--māsakamattaṁ a sum of 5 māsakas DhA.II,29.--vaggiya (or °ika SnA 198) belonging to a group of five.The 5 brahmins who accompanied Gotama when he became an ascetic are called p.bhikkhū.Their names are Aññākondañña,Bhaddiya,Vappa,Assaji,Mahānāma.M.I,170; II,94; S.III,66; PvA.21 (°e ādiṁ katvā); SnA 351; cp.chabbaggiya.--vidha fivefold J.I,204 (°ā abhirakkhā); VI,341 (°paduma),°bandhana:see this.--sādhāraṇa-bhāva fivefold connection J.IV,7.--seṭṭha (Bhagavā) “the most excellent in the five” Sn.355 (=pañcannaṁ paṭhamasissānaṁ pañcavaggiyānaṁ seṭṭho,pañcahi vā saddhādīhi indriyehi sīlādīhi vā dhamma-khandhehi ativisiṭṭhehi cakkhūhi ca seṭṭho SnA 351).--hattha having 5 hands J.V,431.(Page 387)
Concise Pali-English Dictionary by A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera