Rasa
					
					Rasa,1 [Vedic rasa; with Lat.ros “dew,” Lith.rasā id.,and Av Ranhā N.of a river,to Idg.*eres to flow,as in Sk.arṣati,Gr.a]/yorros (to r(έw); also Sk.ṛṣabha:see usabha1.-- Dhtp 325 defines as “assādane” 629 as “assāda-snehanesu”; Dhtm 451 as “assāde.” -- The decl.is usually as regular a-stem,but a secondary Instr.fr.an s-stem is to be found in rasasā by taste A.II,63; J.III,328) that which is connected with the sense of taste.The defn given at Vism.447 is as follows:“jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso,jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso,tass’eva gocara-paccupaṭṭhāno,mūla-raso khandha-raso ti ādinā nayena anekavidho,” i.e.rasa is physiologically & psychologically peculiar to the tongue (sense-object & sense-perception),and also consists as a manifold object in extractions from roots,trunk etc.(see next).-- The conventional encyclopædic defn of rasa at Nd1 240; Nd2 540,Dhs.629 gives taste according to:(a) the 6--fold objective source as mūla-rasa,khandha°, taca°, patta°, puppha°, phala°,or taste (i.e.juice,liquid) of root,trunk,bark,leaf,flower & fruit; and -- (b) the 12--fold subjective (physiological) sense-perception as ambila, madhura, tittika, kaṭuka loṇika, khārika, lambila (Miln.56:ambila),kasāva; sādu, asādu, sīta, uṇha,or sour,sweet,bitter,pungent,salt,alkaline,sour,astringent; pleasant,unpleasant,cold & hot.Miln.56 has the foll.:ambila, lavaṇa, tittaka,kaṭuka,kasāya,madhura.-- 1.juice [as applied in the Veda to the Soma juice],e.g.in the foll.combns:ucchu° of sugar cane,extract of sugar,cane syrup Vin.I,246; VvA.180; patta° & puppha° of leaf & flower Vin.I,246; madhura° of honey PvA.119.-- 2.taste as (objective) quality,the sense-object of taste (cp.above defns).In the list of the āyatanas,or senses with their complementary sense-objects (sentient and sensed) rasa occupies the 4th place,following upon gandha.It is stated that one tastes (or “senses”) taste with the tongue (no reference to palate):jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā (or viññeyya).See also āyatana 3 and rūpa.-- M.III,55 (jivhā-viññeyya r.),267; D.III,244,250; Sn.387; Dhs.609; PvA.50 (vaṇṇagandha-rasa-sampanna bhojana:see below 5).-- 3.sense of taste,as quality & personal accomplishment.Thus in the list of senses marking superiority (the 10 ādhipateyyas or ṭhāṇas),similar to rasa as special distinction of the Mahāpurisa (see cpd.ras-agga) S.IV,275 =Pv.II,958; A.IV,242.-- 4.object or act of enjoyment,sensual stimulus,material enjoyment,pleasure (usually in pl.) Sn.65 (rasesu gedha,see materialistic exegesis at Nd2 540),854 (rase na anugijjhati; perhaps better rasesu,as SnA); A.III,237 (puriso agga°-parititto:perhaps to No.2).-- 5.flavour and its substance (or substratum),e.g.soup VvA.243 (kakkaṭaka° crabsoup),cp.S.V,149,where 8 soup flavours are given (ambila,tittaka,kaṭuka,madhura,khārika,akhārika,loṇika,aloṇika); Pv.II,115 (aneka-rasa-vyañjana “with exceptionally flavoured sauce”); J.V,459,465.gorasa “flavour of cow,i.e.produce of cow:see under go.Also metaphorically:“flavour,relish,pleasure”:Sn.257 (pariveka°,dhamma-pīṭi°,cp.SnA 299 “assād’aṭṭhena” i.e.tastiness); PvA.287 (vimutti° relish of salvation).So also as attha°, dhamma°, vimutti° Ps.II,89.-- 6.(in grammar & style) essential property,elegance,brightness; in dramatic art “sentiment” (flavour) (see Childers s.v.naṭya-rasa) Miln.340 (with opamma and lakkhaṇa:perhaps to No.7); PvA.122 (°rasa as ending in Np.Aṅgīrasa,expld as jutiyā adhivacanaṁ,“ i.e.brightness,excellency).-- 7.at t.t.in philosophy “essential property” (Expos.84),combd with lakkhaṇa etc.(cp.Cpd.13,213),either kicca° function or sampatti° property DhsA.63,249; Vism.8,448; Miln.148.-- 8.fine substance,semi-solid semiliquid substance,extract,delicacy,fineness,dust.Thus in paṭhavī° “essence of earth,” humus S.I,134 (trsln “taste of earth,” rather abstract); or rasapaṭhavī earth as dust or in great fineness,“primitive earth” (before taking solid shape) D.III,86 sq.(trsl.“savoury earth,” not quite clear),opp.to bhūmipappaṭaka; Vism.418; pabbata-rasa mountain extract,rock-substance J.III,55; suvaṇṇa° gold dust J.I,93.‹-› 9.(adj.--°) tasting Vv 1611 (Amatarasā f.=nibbānarasāvinī VvA.85).
  --agga finest quality (of taste),only in further compn with °aggita (ras-agga-s-aggita) most delicate sense trsln Dial.) D.III,167,and °aggin (ras-agga-s-aggin,cp.MVastu II.306:rasa-ras’âgrin) of the best quality (of taste,cp.above 2),said of the Mahāpurisa D.II,18= III,144 (cp.trsln Dial.II.15 “his taste is supremely acute”).The phrase & its wording are still a little doubtful.Childers gives etym.of rasaggas-aggin as rasa-ggas-aggin,ggas representing gras to swallow (not otherwise found in Pāli!),and expls the BSk.ras’âgrin as a distortion of the P.form.--añjana a sort of ointment (among 5 kinds),“vitriol” (Rh.D.) Vin.I,203.--âda enjoying the objects of taste M.III,168.--āyatana the sphere of taste D.III,243,290; Dhs.629,653,1195 (insert after gandha°,see Dhs.trsl.319).--ārammaṇa object of taste Dhs.12,147,157.--āsā craving for tastes Dhs.1059.--garuka bent on enjoyment SnA 107.--taṇhā thirst for taste,lust of sensual enjoyment D.III,244,280; J.V,293; Dhs.1059; DhA.IV,196.--saññā perception of tastes D.III,244 (where also °sañcetanā).--haraṇī (f.) [ph.°haraṇiyo,in compn haraṇi°] taste-conductor,taste-receiver; the salivary canals of the mouth or the nerves of sensation; these are in later literature given as numbering 7000,e.g.at J.V,293 (khobhetvā phari); DhA.I,134 (anuphari); KhA 51 (only as 7!); SnA 107 (paṭhama-kabaḷe mukhe pakkhitta-matte satta rasa-haraṇi-sahassāni amaten’eva phutāni ahesuṁ).Older passages are:Vin.II,137; D.III,167 (referring to the Mahāpurisa:“sampajjasā r-haranī susaṇṭhitā,” trsln:erect taste-bearers planted well [in throat]).(Page 566)