Vi
Vi，（indecl．） [prefix，resting on Idg．*ǔi “two，” as connotation of duality or separation （Ger．“ent-zwei”），which is contained in viṁśati，num．for “twenty” （see vīsati），cp．Sk．viṣu apart，Gr．i]/dios private （lit．separate）； also Sk．u-bhau both； and *ǔidh，as in Lat．dīvido=divide．A secondary （compar．） formation in Sk．vitara further，farther，Goth．wipra against，Ger．wider] 1．（a） inseparable prefix of separation and expansion，in original meaning of “asunder，” semantically closely related to Lat．dis- & Ger ver-．Often as base-prefix in var．meanings （see below 1--4），also very frequent as modifying prefix （in combn with other primary prefixes like ā，ni，pa，paṭi，saṁ），where its prevailing character is one of emphasis．-- （b） The native grammarians define vi- either as “vividha” （i．e．our meaning 2）：see Bdhgh．at SnA 136 （viharati=vividhaṁ hitaṁ harati）； and Vism．179 vividhaṁ khittaṁ=vikkhittaṁ； see also under viggaṇhati； or “prātilomya” （i．e．meaning 3）：Nirukta （ed．Roth） I．3； or paraphrase it by su° or suṭṭhu （i．e．meaning 4）：see under vimāna & vippasanna．The latter meaning also in Hemacandra’s Anek’ārtha-saṅgraha （ed．Calc．） 7，15：“śreṣṭhe ‘tīte nānārthe” （i．e．Nos．4 & 2）．-- （c） vi° occurs also as distributive （repetitional） prefix in reduplication compounds （here closely resembling paṭi° and the negative a°），like cuṇṇa-vicuṇṇa piecemeal，chidda-vicchidda holes upon holes，vaṭṭa-vivaṭṭa，etc．-- Contracted forms are vy° （=viy° before vowels） and vo° （=vi+ ava）； the guṇa & vriddhi form is ve°．-- II．Meanings．--1．denoting expansion，spreading out； fig．variety or detail，to be trsld by expressions with over or about （cp．Lat．e-），as：°kampati shake about，°kāseti open out，°kirati scatter about，°kūjati sing out （=upa-nadati C），°carati move about （=ā-hiṇḍati），°churita sprinkled about，°jāyati bring forth，°tāna “spread out，” °tthāra ex-tension，de-tail，°dāleti break open，°dhammati whirl about，°dhāyaka providing，°pakirati strew all over，°pphāra pervading，°pphārika ef-fulgence，，’bhajati ex-plain，°bhatta dis-tributed，°bhāga division，distribution，°ravati shout out，°rūhana growing up，°rocati shine out，°ssajjati give out，°ssaṭṭha sent out，°ssara shouting out，°ssuta far-famed．-- 2．denoting disturbance，separation，mixing up （opp．saṁ°），as given with “away” or “down，” or the prefixes de- and dis-，e．g．°kasita burst asunder，°kubbana change，i．e．miracle （meta-morphosis），°kkaya sell （“ver-kaufen”），°kkhambhati de-stroy，°kkhāleti wash off （=ācameti），°kkhepa de-rangement，°gata dis-appeared （used as defn of vi° at ThA．80），°galita dripping down，°ggaha separation，°cinati dis-criminate，°jahati dis-miss，°desa foreign country （cp．verajjaka），°naṭṭha destroyed，°nata bending down，°nāsa de-struction，°nicchaya dis-crimination，°nodaka driving out，°pāteti to be destroyed，°ppalapati to talk confusedly，°rājeti discard as rāga，°rodha destruction，°lumpati break up，°vitta separated，°vidha mixed，°veka separation，°vāha carrying away，i．e．wedding．-- 3．denoting the reverse of the simple verb，or loss，difference，opposite，reverse，as expressed by un- or dis-，e．g．°asana mis-fortune，°kaṭika unclean，°kappa change round，°kāra per-turbation，dis-tortion，°kāla wrong time，°tatha un-truth，°dhūma smoke-less，°patti corruption，°parīta dubious，°ppaṭipanna on the wrong track，°bhava non-existence （or as 4 “more” bhava，i．e．wealth），°mati doubt，°mānana dis-respect，°yoga separation，°raja fault-less，°rata abs-taining，°rūpa un-sightly，°vaṭa unveiled，°vaṇṇeti defame，°vāda dis-pute，°sama uneven，°ssandati overflow，°ssarita for-gotten，°siṭṭha distinguished，°sesa difference，distinction．-- 4．in intensifying sense （developed fr．1 & 2），mostly with terms expressing per se one or the other of shades of meanings given under 1--3； to be trsld by “away，” out，all over，“up，” or similarly （completely），e．g．°ākula quite confused，°katta cut up，°kopeti shake up，°garahati scold intensely，°chindati cut off，°jita conquered altogether，°jjotita resplendent，°tarati come quite through，°niyoga close connection，°nivatteti turn off completely，°pariṇāma intense change，°ppamutta quite released，°ppasanna quite purified，°pphalita crumpled up，°bandhana （close） fetter，°ramati cease altogether，°sahati have sufficient strength，°sukkha dried up，°suddha very bright，°ssamati rest fully （Ger．aus-ruhen），°haññati to get slain．（Page 611）