apa°
Apa°，[Vedic apa； Idg. *apo = Gr. a]pό，Av. apa，Lat. ab from *ap （cp. aperio）； Goth. af，Ger. ab，Ags. E. of. ‹-› A compar. form fr. apa is apara “further away”] Welldefined directional prefix，meaning “away from，off”. Usually as base-prefix （except with ā），& very seldom in compn. with other modifying prefixes （like sam，abhi etc.）. ‹-› 1. apa = Vedic apa （Idg. *apo）：apeti to go away = Gr. a）/peimi，Lat. abeo，Goth. afiddja； apeta gone away，rid； °kaḍḍhati to draw away，remove； °kamati walk away； °gacchati go away； °nidhāti put away （= a）potiqhmi，abdo）； °nudati push away； °neti lead away； °vattati turn away （= āverto）； °sakkati step aside； °harati take away. ‹-› 2. apa = Vedic ava （Idg. *aue； see ava for details）. There exists a widespread confusion between the two preps. apa & ava，favoured both by semantic （apa = away，ava = down，cp. E. off） & phonetic affinity （p softened to b，esp. in BB Mss.，& then to v，as b › v is frequent，e. g. bya° › vya° etc.）. Thus we find in Pāli apa where Vedic and later literary Sk. have ava in the foll. instances：apakanti，°kassati，°kirati，°gata，°cāra，°jhāyati，°thaṭa，°dāna，°dhāreti，°nata，°nāmeti，°nīta，°lekhana，°loketi，°vadati. （Page 50）