Dữ liệu
từ điển được lấy từ Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 (PCED) gồm Pāli-Việt, Pāli-Anh, Pāli-Burmese (Myanmar), Pāli-Trung, Pāli-Nhật
Kết quả tìm cho từ assaji
Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names by G P Malalasekera
Assaji:The followers of Assaji andPunabbasu.They lived inKītāgiri,betweenSāvatthi and ālavi,and were guilty of various evil practices.They used to grow flowers,make wreaths and garlands,and send them to girls and women of respectable families and also to slave girls,to lie with such women,and disregard the precepts regarding the eating of food at the wrong time,using perfumes,visiting shows,singing and playing games of various sorts (they violated eighteen precepts,Sp.iii.625).Their abandoned ways of life won popularity for them,and virtuous monks,who did not belong to their group,were not welcomed by the people of the neighbourhood.
The Buddha heard of their nefarious doings from a monk who had been sojourning in the district,and having convened a meeting of the Sangha,sent Sāriputta andMoggallāna,together with a number of other monks,(for the recalcitrant were passionate and violent),to carry out the Pabbājaniyakamma (Act of Banishment) against them.The deputation of the Sangha went to Kītāgiri and made an order that the Assaji-Punabbasukā should no longer dwell there,but the latter,instead of obeying the injunction,abused the monks,accusing them of partiality,and not only departed from Kītāgiri,but also left the Order.When the matter was reported to the Buddha he had the Pabbājaniyakamma revoked ("because it had served no purpose") (Vin.ii.9-13,14,15).
In the Dhammapada Commentary (ii.109) we are told that Assaji and Punabbasu had originally been disciples of Sāriputta and Moggallāna,and that when the two Aggasāvakas admonished them and their followers on the wickedness of their conduct,some of them reformed themselves and a few retired to the householder’s life.
The Assaji-Punabbasukas seem to have had a special dislike for Sāriputta and Moggallāna.Once the Buddha,on his way somewhere from Sāvatthi,accompanied by Sāriputta,Moggallāna and five hundred others,sent word to the Assaji-Punabbasukas to prepare sleeping places for them.They sent answer that the Buddha was very welcome,but not Sāriputta and Moggallāna,because "they were men of sinful desires and influenced by such desires." (Vin.ii.171)
But elsewhere (Kītāgiri Sutta,M.i.473ff) even the Buddha is represented as having been lightly regarded by them.When it was reported to them that the Buddha lived on only one meal a day and found that it made him well and healthy,their reply was that they themselves ate in the evening and the early morning and at noon and outside prescribed hours,and that they found this quite agreeable and saw no reason for changing their mode of life.It is true,however,that even on this occasion when the Buddha sent for them,they came dutifully and listened patiently to his admonition on the necessity of implicit obedience to a teacher in whom they had faith,and we are told that they were "even gladdened in their hearts" after hearing the Buddha.There is,however,no evidence that they reformed after hearing him.
In the Commentaries (E.g.,DA.ii.525) the Assaji-Punabbasukā are mentioned as an example of those who paid no heed to precepts great or small,which they had undertaken to observe.
The Samantapāsādikā (iii.614) mentions that Kītāgiri was chosen by them as residence because it was watered by both monsoons,produced three crops,and had suitable sites for buildings.
They were five hundred in number.
Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names by G P Malalasekera
Assaji:1.Assaji TheraThe fifth of the Pañcavaggiya monks.When the Buddha preached theDhammacakkappavattana Sutta,he was the last in whom dawned the eye of Truth,and the Buddha had to discourse to him and to Mahānāma while their three colleagues went for alms (Vin.i.13.He became asotāpanna on the fourth day of the quarter,AA.i.84).He became an arahant,together with the others,at the preaching of the Anattalakkhana Sutta (Vin.i.14; J.i.82).
He was responsible for the conversion of Sāriputta and Moggallāna.Sāriputta,in the course of his wanderings in search of Eternal Truth,saw Assaji begging for alms in Rājagaha,and being pleased with his demeanour,followed him till he had finished his round.Finding a suitable opportunity,Sāriputta asked Assaji about his teacher and the doctrines he followed.Assaji was at first reluctant to preach to him,because,as he said,he was but young in the Order.But Sāriputta urged him to say what he knew,and the stanza which Assaji uttered then,has,ever since,been famous,as representing the keynote of the Buddha’s teaching:
"ye dhammā hetuppabhavā tesam hetum Tathāgato āha tesañ ca yo nirodho, evamvādī Mahāsamano."
Sāriputta immediately understood and hurried to give the glad tidings to Moggallāna that he had succeeded in his quest.Vin.i.39ff.; the incident is related in the DhA (i.75ff.) with slight variations as to detail.
Sāriputta held Assaji in the highest veneration,and we are told that from the day of this first meeting,in whatever quarter he heard that Assaji was staying,in that direction he would extend his clasped hands in an attitude of reverent supplication,and in that direction he would turn his head when he lay down to sleep (DhA.iv.150-1).
One day when Assaji was going about in Vesāli for alms,the Nigantha Saccaka,who was wandering about in search of disputants to conquer,saw him,and questioned him regarding the Buddha’s teaching because he was a well-known disciple (ñātaññatara-sāvaka).Assaji gave him a summary of the doctrine contained in theAnattalakkhana Sutta.Feeling sure that he could refute these views attributed to the Buddha,Saccaka went with a large concourse of Licchavis to the Buddha and questioned him.This was the occasion for the preaching of the Cula-Saccaka Sutta (M.i.227ff).The Commentary (MA.i.452) tells us that Assaji decided on this method of exposition because he did not wish to leave Saccaka any loophole for contentious questioning.
The Samyutta Nikāya (S.iii.124ff) records a visit paid by the Buddha to Assaji as he lay grievously sick in Kassapārāma near Rājagaha.He tells the Buddha that he cannot enter into jhāna because of his difficulty in breathing and that he cannot win balance of mind.The Buddha encourages him and asks him to dwell on thoughts of impermanence and non-self.
2.Assaji.-One of the leaders of theAssaji-Punabbasukā,the other beingPunabbasu.He was one of theChabbaggiyā,the others being Mettiya,Bhummajaka,Panduka andLohitaka.J.ii.387; MA.ii.668.
Assaji Sutta.-Records the incident,mentioned above,of the Buddha’s visit to Assaji (1).S.iii.124-6.