ayaṁ
Ayaṁ，（pron．） [Sk．ayaṁ etc．，pron．base Idg．*i （cp．Sk．iha），f．*ī．Cp．Gr．i]n，min; Lat．is （f．ea，nt．id）; Goth is，nt．ita; Ohg．er （= he），nt．ez （= it）; Lith．jìs （he），f．jì （she）．] demonstr．pron．“this，he＂; f．ayaṁ; nt．idaṁ & imaṁ “this，it＂ etc．This pron．combines in its inflection two stems，viz．as° （ayaṁ in Nom．m．& f．） & im° （id° in Nom．nt．）．
I．Forms．A．（sg．） Nom．m．ayaṁ Sn．235; J．I，168，279; f．ayaṁ [Sk．iyaṁ] Kh VII．12; J．II，128，133; nt．idaṁ Sn．224; J．III，53; & imaṁ Miln．46．Acc．m．imaṁ J．II，160; f．imaṁ [Sk．īmāṁ] Sn．545，1002; J．I，280．Gen．Dat．m．imassa J．I，222，279 & assa Sn．234，1100; Kh VII．12 （Dat．）; J．II，158; f．imissā J．I，179 & assā [Sk．asyāḥ] J．I，290; DhA．III，172．Instr．m．nt．iminā J．I，279; PvA．80 & （peculiarly or perhaps for amunā） aminā Sn．137; f．imāya [Sk．anayā] J．I，267．The Instr．anena [Sk．anena] is not proved in Pāli．Abl．asmā Sn．185; Dh．220; & imasmā （not proved）．Loc．m．nt．imasmiṁ Kh III，; J．II，159 & asmiṁ Sn．634; Dh．242; f．imissā PvA．79 （or imissaṁ？） & imāyaṁ （no ref．）．-- B．（pl．） Nom．m．ime J．I，221; Pv．I，83; f．imā [Sk．imāḥ] Sn．897 & imāyo Sn．1122; nt．imāni [= Sk．] Vin．I，84．Acc．m．ime [Sk．imān] J．I，266; II，416; f．imā [Sk．imāḥ] Sn．429; J．II，160．Gen．imesaṁ J．II，160 & esaṁ [Sk．eṣāṁ] M．II，86，& esānaṁ M．II，154; III，259; f．also āsaṁ J．I，302 （= etāsaṁ C．） & imāsaṁ．Instr．m．nt imehi J．VI，364; f．imāhi．Loc．m．nt．imesu [Sk．eṣu] J．I，307．
II．Meanings （1） ayaṁ refers to what is immediately in front of the speaker （the subject in question） or before his eyes or in his present time & situation，thus often to be trsld． by “before our eyes＂，“the present＂，“this here＂，“just this＂ （& not the other） （opp．para），viz．atthi imasmiṁ kāye “in this our visible body＂ Kh III，; yath’âyaṁ padīpo “like this lamp here＂ Sn．235; ayaṁ dakkhiṇā dinnā “the gift which is just given before our eyes＂ Kh VII．12; ime pādā imaṁ sīsaṁ ayaṁ kāyo Pv．I，83; asmiṁ loke paramhi ca “in this world & the other＂ Sn．634，asmā lokā paraṁ lokaṁ kathaṁ pecca na socati Sn．185; cp．also Dh．220，410; J．I，168; III，53．-- （2） It refers to what immediately precedes the present of the speaker，or to what has just been mentioned in the sentence; viz．yaṁ kiñci vittaṁ ．．．idam pi Buddhe ratanaṁ “whatever ．．．that＂ Sn．224; ime divase these days （just gone） J．II，416; cp．also Vin．I，84; Sn．429; J．II，128，160．-- （3） It refers to what immediately follows either in time or in thought or in connection：dve ime antā “these are the two extremes，viz．＂ Vin．I，10; ayaṁ eva ariyo maggo “this then is the way＂ ibid．; cp．J．I，280．‹-› （4） With a touch of （often sarcastic） characterisation it establishes a closer personal relation between the speaker & the object in question & is to be trsld． by “like that，such （like），that there，yonder，yon＂，e．g．imassa vānarindassa “of that fellow，the monkey＂ J．I，279; cp．J．I，222，307; II 160 （imesaṁ sattānaṁ “creatures like us＂）．So also repeated as ayañ ca ayañ ca “this and this＂，“so and so＂ J．II，3; idañ c’idañ ca “such & such a thing＂ J．II，5．-- （5） In combn with a pron．rel．it expresses either a generalisation （whoever，whatever） or a specialisation （= that is to say，what there is of，i．e．Ger．und zwar），e．g．yâyaṁ taṇhā Vin．I，10; yo ca ayaṁ ．．．yo ca ayaṁ “I mean this ．．．and I mean＂ ibid．; ye kec’ime Sn．381; yadidaṁ “i．e．＂ Miln．25; yatha-y-idaṁ “in order that＂ （w．pot．） Sn．1092．See also seyyathīdaṁ．-- （6） The Gen．of all genders functions in general as a possessive pron．of the 3rd = his，her，its （lit．of him etc．） and thus resembles the use of tassa，e．g．āsava’ssa na vijjanti “his are no intoxications＂ Sn．1100; sīlaṁ assā bhindāpessāmi “I shall cause her character to be defamed＂ J．I，290; assa bhariyā “his wife＂ J．II，158 etc．freq．（Page 75）