ca
Ca，（indef．enchtic particle） [Vedic ca adv．to rel．pron．*qǔo，idg．*que=Cr．te，Lat．que，Goth．--h．Cp．ka，ki，ku] 1．Indefinite （after demonstr．pron．in the sense of kiṁ=what about？ or how is it？ cp．kiṁ）=ever，whoever，what-ever，etc．[Sk．kaśca，Gr．οs te，Lat：quisque，Goth．hvazuh] so ca whoever （see below 3），tañ ca pan’amhākaṁ ruccati tena c’amhā attamanā M．I，93; yañ ca kho ．．．ceteti yañ ca pakappeti ．．．whatever he thinks，whatever he intends ．．．S．II，65．As a rule the Pali form corresp．to Sk．kaśca is *kascid=koci，& ci （cid） is the regular P．representative of the indefinite ca （cp．cana & api）．-- 2．Copulative or disjunctive according to the general context being positive or negative．（a） copulative：and，then，now：tadā ca now then，and then （in historical exposition） J．III，188．Most frequent in connecting two or three words，usually placed after the second，but also after the third：atthaṁ anatthañ ca Dh．256; pubbâparāni ca Dh．352; alaṁ etehi ambehi jambūhi panasehi ca J．II，160．-- In the same sense added to each link of the chain as ca-ca （cp．Sk．ca-ca，Gr．te te，Lat．que que; also mixed with constituents of similar pairs as api-ca，cp．te-kai）：tuyhañ ca tassā ca to you and her （orig．this or whatever to you，whatever to her）=to you as well as to her J．I，151．Often with the first member emphasized by eva：c’eva，as well as：hasi c’eva rodi ca he laughed as well as cried J．I，167; maṁsena c’eva phalāphalena ca with flesh as well as with all kinds of fruit J．III，127; subhaddako c’eva supesalo ca J．III，82; c’eva apace padūse pi ca waste and even defile ThA．72 （Ap V．40）．‹-› （b） disjunctive：but （esp．after a negation）：yo ca but who Th．1，401; yadā ca but when （cp．tadā ca） J．III，128．In conditional clauses （cp．3） combd with sace=but if，on the other hand：sace agāraṁ ajjhāvasati ．．．sace ca pabbajati agārā Sn．1003．With neg，na ca=but not：mahatī vata te bondi，na ca paññā tadūpikā （but your wisdom is not in the same proportion） J．II，160．‹-› 3．Conditional：if [=Vedic ced，Lat．absque] D．I，186，207; II，36，57 （jāti ca not va）; M．I，91; S．III，66 （rūpañ ca attā abhavissa）; A．I，58; V，87; J．II，110 （ciram pi kho khadeyya yavaṁ ．．．ravamāno ca dūsayi：“he might have caten a long time，if he had not come to harm by his cry，＂ or “but＂）; IV，487; V，185，216 （Sakko ca me varaṁ dajjā so ca labbhetha me varo：“if S．will give me a wish，that wish will be granted，＂ or：“whatever wish he will allow，that one will be fulfilled＂）; VI，206，208．-- na ca （at the beginning of an interrog．phrase）= if not S．I，190 （ahaṁ ca kho ．．．pavāremi，na ca me Bhagavā kiñci garahati：if the Bh．will not blame me）．For BSk．ca=ced see AvŚ II．189，n．o．（Page 258）